Defense and Technology Papers

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Implementing DOD’s International Science and Technology Strategy

Donald C. Daniel and Cheryl Loeb

As can be seen from the recently released “International Science and Technology Strategy for the United States Department of Defense,” the network for worldwide sharing of defense S&T information is vast, and the new strategy provides an excellent framework to maximize this potential. This paper provides some specific thoughts on implementation and how certain steps might benefit all involved.
The New Reality of International Telecommunications Strategy

Robert C. Fonow

This paper considers the relative decline of American Telecommunications leadership from geopolitical and technical perspectives. This decline is important to recognize and understand because it is masked by the achievements of the American economy and U.S. military successes since the end of the Cold War.
Extending the User’s Reach: Responsive Networking for Integrated Military Operations

David C. Gompert, Charles L. Barry, and Alf A. Andreassen

The aim of this study is to identify a path for the U.S. DoD to improve the responsiveness of military information networks for joint warfighters. This is not a technical treatise about bits and bandwidth; it proposes no architecture or standards. Rather, it looks at how military-operational information requirements relate to national strategy and at how those requirements are set and met.
Bringing Defense into the Information Economy

David C. Gompert and Paul Bracken

This is an exploratory essay aimed at injecting new perspective and questions into the study of the fundamentals of defense economics. It is meant to start a “productive conversation” about the affordability of defense and the alignment of technology, economics, and grand strategy.
A New Conceptual Framework for Net-Centric, Enterprise-Wide, System-of-Systems Engineering

Jeremy M. Kaplan

This paper presents a theoretical framework for thinking about system-of-systems (SOS) on a large scale, a net-centric approach to SOS engineering, and a way ahead for DoD. The theoretical framework defines the general characteristics of SOSs, and describes how these lead to underlying problems which address problems from integrated social, organizational, and technical perspectives.
Critical Technology Events in the Development of Selected Army Weapons Systems: A Summary of ‘Project Hindsight Revisited’

John W. Lyons, Richard Chait, and Duncan Long

This report collects and summarizes the findings from prior studies regarding the effectiveness of the Abrams tank, Apache helicopter, and two-man portable missile system. This report compares these findings to the findings from the original Project Hindsight and then offers recommendations based on the four systems for managing today’s Army science and technology work.
Critical Technology Events in the Development of the Stinger and Javelin Missile Systems: Project Hindsight Revisited

John W. Lyons, Duncan Long, and Richard Chait

This paper seeks to identify the Critical Technological Events (CTEs) in the development of the Stinger and Javelin missiles. It is the third paper in a series that, driven by importance of understanding past military technological successes to today’s defense science and technology (S&T) investment and management, examines some of the key factors that have led to meaningful technology generation and ultimate incorporation into current U.S. Army weapon systems.
Weathering the Storm: Leading Your Organization Through a Pandemic

Stephen Prior, Robert E. Armstrong, Ford Rowan, and Mary Beth Hill-Harmon

This document is a guide to help prepare your organization for survival during a pandemic. All organizations have their own culture and character, so no one easy-to-follow guide will provide all the answers for your specific group. Rather, this is designed to provide you with resource materials from which you may pick and choose to tailor a plan that is best suited to your circumstances.
Cooperative Crisis Management and Avian Influenza: A Risk Assessment Guide for International Contagious Disease Prevention and Risk Mitigation

Donald F. Thompson and Renata P. Louie

This paper proposes a risk assessment and mitigation strategy designed to give both national authorities and international organizations the diagnostic took needed to evaluate preparedness, identify country-level weaknesses, and prioritize scarce resources to combat avian influenza.
An ICT Primer: Information and Communication Technologies for Civil-Military Coordination in Disaster Relief and Stabilization and Reconstruction

Larry Wentz

This primer presents current knowledge and best practices in creating a collaborative, civil-military, information environment to support data collection, communications, collaboration, and information-sharing needs in disaster situations and complex emergencies.
Harnessing the Interagency for Complex Operations

Neyla Arnas, Charles L. Barry, and Robert B. Oakley

This paper attempts to catalogue and describe the known models for interagency cooperation for stabilization and reconstruction (S&R) operations. The models in existence and under discussion can be grouped in terms of their focus on different aspects of the interagency process, as well as on different aspects of S&R.
The NATO Response Force: Facilitating Coalition Warfare Through Technology Transfer and Information Sharing

Jeffrey P. Bialos and Stuart L. Koehl

This study is an examination of the issues associated with transferring U.S. technology and information needed for standing up such an advanced force for early entry into high-intensity conflicts. It also makes a number of additional observations about the nature of 21st century coalition warfighting, the centrality of network-centric warfare to coalition operations, and the importance and complexity of improving force interoperability in an increasingly network-centric environment.
Transforming the Reserve Component: Four Essays

Hans Binnendijk; Michael J, Baranick; Raymond E. Bell; Gina Cordero; Stephen M. Duncan; Christopher Holshek; and Larry Wentz

This volume contains four essays on various aspects of the Reserve Component published at a time when Reserves are serving overseas at historically high rates and when new missions like homeland security demand their attention. In these essays, the authors explore ways in which the Reserve Component might be transformed to face these challenges.
Critical Technology Events in the Development of the Abrams Tank: Project Hindsight Revisited

Richard Chait, John W. Lyons, and Duncan Long

This paper consists of a series of studies focusing on Army weapons systems, beginning with the mainstay of the Army’s armor force, the Abrams tank. Analysis of other Army systems, such as the Apache helicopter and the Javelin and Stinger missiles will follow. The results of all studies are complied in a wrap-up report that will focus on the implications of the findings for today’s S&T environment.
The Science and Technology Innovation Conundrum

Timothy Coffey, Jill P. Dahlburg, and Elihu Zimet

This study is motivated by the observation that the state of health of the United States S&T enterprise seems to be simultaneously characterized by opposite assessments. The purpose of this study is to shed light on how this conundrum has come about, and from this perspective to evaluate potential impacts of the underlying drivers of the conundrum on the technological positioning and ultimate national security of the U.S.
Container Security: A Proposal for a Comprehensive Code of Conduct

Ola Dahlman, Jenifer Mackby, Bernard Sitt, Andre Poucet, Arend Meerburg, Bernard Massinon, Edward Ifft, Masahiko Asada, and Ralph Alewine

This paper recommends the development and adoption of a comprehensive Code of Conduct that would be globally recognized and enforced for the improved security in the shipping trade, including some procedures on containers, which has become an important component of global commerce.
Pre-Conflict Management Tools: Winning the Peace

Aaron B. Frank

This paper addresses the Pre-Conflict Management Tools (PCMT) Program which was developed to transform how intelligence, policy, and operational decisionmakers interact when confronting highly complex strategic problems. The first half of this paper provides readers a context for why the PCMT program is important for incorportating social science models into the RCC and interagency planning processes. The second half provides an overview of the structure, methods, and technologies of PCMT.
Battle-Wise: Gaining Advantage in Networked Warfare

David C. Gompert, Irving Lachow, and Justin Perkins

This paper summarizes a forthcoming National Defense University book suggesting why and how the U.S. and allied forces should improve the cognitive faculties of military decisionmakers to attain new operational and strategic advantages or to avoid the loss of advantages they now enjoy.
Learning from Darfur: Building a Net-Capable African Force to Stop Mass Killing

David C. Gompert, Courtney Richardson, Clifford H. Bernath, and Richard L. Kugler

The purpose of this report is to explore one particularly promising model of combat force to intervene in Africa to stop mass killings and other atrocities. Its conclusion is that networking concepts and technologies that were effective in Afghanistan and Iraq can be used by Africans with intensive external help to field a capability for forcible humanitarian intervention.
Alternative Fleet Architecture Design

Stuart E. Johnson and Arthur K. Cebrowski

This report calls into question the viability of the longstanding logic of naval force building. It provides a description of the opportunities that rapid advances in technology and organizational effectiveness offer the U.S. Navy as it looks to the demanding future. Most important, it provides an alternative fleet architecture design that incorporates the three broad elements of the DoD’s transformation strategy.
Strengthening the Army R&D Program

John W. Lyons, Joseph N. Mait, and Dennis R. Schmidt

These two papers consider models for managing the Army laboratories, including the mode of operations and the means by which the Army can be assured that its technical enterprise is state of the art. Taken together these papers present opportunities to move the Army S&T program ahead without disrupting the current operations of the laboratories.
Making IT Happen: Transforming Military Information Technology

Joseph N. Mait

This report is a primer for commercial providers to gain some understanding of the military’s thinking about military information technology and some of the programs it foresees for the future. The intent is to introduce those not presently involved in the development of military information technology to some of the things and programs being developed by the DoD for deployment in the next five to ten years.
A Primer on the Detection of Nuclear and Radiological Weapons

Gary W. Phillips, David J. Nagel, and Timothy Coffey

This study upon which this report is based was undertaken because of the large and growing importance of detection technologies for nuclear or radiological weapons of mass destruction (NRWMD). While this report will focus on detection of NRWMD, the NRWMD problem does not have a purely technical solution and th reasons for this will be become clear in this report.
Shedding Light on the Battlefield: Tactical Applications of Photonic Technology

Joseph N. Mait, Michael W. Haney, Keith W. Goossen, and Mark P. Christensen

This paper addresses the growing availiability and dependence on tactical sensor technology on bandwidth for the battlfield and recommends the use of light, or photons, to transmit information. It highlights the advantages of photonics in three applications and discusses the economical and technological advantages for increasing the use of photonics for the U.S. government and military.