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Description

As artificial intelligence systems assume greater levels of autonomy, human judgment is increasingly displaced from the point of decision-making. Part Two of "Losing thee Loop" builds on prior analysis by identifying how autonomy constrains human engagement and proposing a structured model to address these effects. Meaningful human involvement must be actively designed and sustained, requiring the ability to interrogate system outputs, understand decision processes, and intervene when necessary. Dr. Elise Annett and Dr. James Giordano introduce the Synthesized Command and Control (SYNTHComm) model, which integrates human judgment with machine speed through enforced engagement, transparency, and accountability. The analysis demonstrates that risk emerges not from autonomy alone, but from weakened oversight and diffuse responsibility, stressing the need for doctrine, training, and governance to preserve human authority in AI-enabled operations.

Document Type

Article

Topic(s)

Emerging Science and Technologies, Military Strategy, Ethics

Publication Date

4-27-2026

Keywords

artificial intelligence, autonomy, human-machine teaming, decision-making, command and control, SYNTHComm, human-in-the-loop, military AI, operational risk, decision loop, cognitive bias, automation bias, defense policy, future warfare, governance, accountability, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR)

Losing the Loop: A Model for Human Operational Involvement Part Two: A Proposed System Toward a Solution

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