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Description

This commentary examines the evolving landscape of cognitive warfare and argues that strategic competition is increasingly centered on influence in the cognitive domain. China is integrating advances in science and technology, including artificial intelligence, neurotechnology, and information operations into a comprehensive strategy aimed at achieving cognitive dominance over the United States and its allies. The authors describe cognitive engagement as operating “inside-out,” “outside-in,” and through combined effects that shape perceptions, decision-making, and behavior across biological, psychological, and socio-economic dimensions. The article recommends investment in AI-enabled command and control, neuroadaptive human-machine systems, cognitive readiness training, and coordinated multinational narrative dominance.

Document Type

Article

Topic(s)

Emerging Science and Technologies, National Security, Strategic Competition

Region(s)

China, United States

Publication Date

6-16-2025

Keywords

cognitive warfare, cognitive dominance, China military strategy, strategic competition, influence operations, information warfare, artificial intelligence in defense, neurotechnology, human-machine integration, AI command and control, multi-domain operations, narrative dominance, cognitive battlespace, U.S.–China rivalry

The “Ins” and “Outs” of Cognitive Warfare: What’s the Next Move?

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