Insect-Sized Microdrones: A Tiny Vector for Big Biothreats

Abstract

Dr. James Giordano and Dr. Diane DiEuliis of INSS write this piece for National Defense Magazine. Recent demonstrations by China’s National University of Defense Technology showcased mosquito-sized robotic micro-unmanned aerial vehicles (micro-UAVs) capable of stealthy reconnaissance and potentially delivering highly potent biological or chemical agents. Advances in microelectronics, biomicroelectromechanical systems, and biotechnology have enabled these insectoid drones to carry aerosolized, contact-based, or environmental payloads with precision and plausible deniability. Such capabilities challenge traditional biosecurity, defense, and attribution frameworks, as minimal-volume, targeted delivery can evade detection and conventional mitigation measures. This commentary examines operational advantages, including stealth, guided navigation, and deniable deployment, and explores the risks posed to high-value targets, critical infrastructure, and enclosed environments such as SCIFs. It further outlines defensive and deterrent strategies, including enhanced detection systems, fortified facilities, rapid medical countermeasures, attribution protocols, regulatory oversight, and multilateral agreements. Insect-sized micro-UAVs represent a new class of biosecurity threat that demands rethinking readiness, mitigation, and international norms for the safe and responsible governance of emerging dual-use technologies.

Document Type

Article

Topic(s)

Emerging Science and Technologies, Arms Control and Nonproliferation, Defense Policy, Military Strategy, National Security, Logistics and Readiness, Biological and Chemical Issues

Region(s)

China

Publication Date

7-30-2025

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