The Profession of Arms: What Scholars, Practitioners, and Others of Note Have Had to Say

Authors

Gregory D. Foster, Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy, National Defense University

Abstract

The article discusses the evolution of military expertise and national security management in the context of modern challenges. James Stavridis, Ervin J. Rokke, and Terry C. Pierce argue that the traditional concept of military expertise, as defined by Samuel Huntington—focused on the "management of violence"—is outdated. They suggest that today’s military professionals are better described as "managers of effects," which includes both kinetic (physical force) and nonkinetic (cyber, soft power) capabilities. They emphasize the importance of civilian leadership in defining strategic objectives while the military manages a broader array of tools to achieve desired outcomes. James Locher adds that the U.S. national security system, designed for the Cold War, is now ineffective for handling complex, contemporary threats like terrorism and cyberattacks. Both perspectives call for reforms to adapt to the evolving strategic environment.

Recommended Citation

Gregory D. Foster, "The Profession of Arms: What Scholars, Practitioners, and Others of Note Have Had to Say," Joint Force Quarterly 115 (4th Quarter 2024), 69-78, https://digitalcommons.ndu.edu/joint-force-quarterly/vol115/iss3/11.